★★★★
To Paradise is a book spanning 300 years,
starting in 1893, stopping for a peek in 1993, and ending in 2093. Every hundred
years, there is a David Bingham and it is his awakening that is traced through
each section. And then David goes on a search "to paradise". In the
last part, it is David's child Charlie who begins that search. But you'll have
to read the book to find out why.
Yanagihara's
writing is beautiful. The prose reads like poetry. Each sentence is masterfully
crafted, each storyline deftly told.
Themes of
love, and courage in loving, our sense of identity being defined by others’
perceptions, and how this can entrap us into rigid roles in each others’ lives,
and searching, always searching, pervade To Paradise. Over the course of
the book, the repeated themes along with the repeated character names, creates
a juxtaposition of storylines. And maybe that's the point. Told across
different eras, this is just being a person, and our humanity is in the longing
to journey there, that place that may be (hopefully) paradise.
The
stories in the book are about how one comes to the point of searching,
examining the question "why search for paradise?" rather than about
actually getting there. I suppose that the story is never meant to be finished,
because we don’t ever get to know our place in a story when we are living it. By
the end of the each part, we are left with a bittersweet feeling of being
incomplete.
We never find
out if any of the Davids or Charlies make it to paradise. But there is a
feeling that it almost doesn't matter. Because what matters is that the journey
is begun. It matters that each character, despite internal and external
barriers, have started the search. Paradise may be different for each iteration,
"He will make as many Heavens as He needs” p. 157
To me,
writing the three parts into one felt like we were following the story of one
family across 300 years. The book asks important questions like: Are we always reliving
the same relationship patterns in our lives? If we are lucky, maybe we are able
to recognize these patterns. All the protagonists in each section have a moment
of perception, of the prescribed ways in which their environment understands them.
And then, each, reaches for a radically different future. Is this family
inheritance? Or human struggle?
In some
ways, the last part almost seemed like a. breaking of cycles. David is not the
one searching for paradise. Charles is not one of the lovers. Edward does not fall
in love with Aubrey. A new character is introduced into the cycle. Yanagihara's
symbolism is precise and consistent throughout the book. The introduction of a
new name in the final part is not accidental.
It was
also the most difficult story to read. Having just lived through a pandemic, it
was agonizing to read about a future dogged by unforgiving climate change and
pandemics that ravage the world every 6-10 years. Reading about the hunt for vaccines,
the scramble to identify antiviral medications, and the dire side effects had
me in tears. In 2064, Grandfather writes a letter to a friend, "Who would want a child to grow up in
this time, in this place? It takes a special kind of cruelty to make a baby
now, knowing that the world it'll inhabit and inherit will be dirty and diseased
and unjust and difficult. So why would you? What kind of respect for life is
that?" And my heart fell into a million pieces all over my bed as I
sobbed. Because this is potentially my children's future. But there is hope,
that seems to spring everlasting. When Charlie says, "Every country is the
same." David replies, "No, Charlie. They're not."
Not every
country will use draconian measures to keep their people alive. Many will,
though. And through it all, is Grandfather's machinations, out of love, that
strive to protect each David/Charlie.
I think this book will live rent free in my head for some time! And yet, I'm conflicted because I left it with so much longing: for the stories to be finished, for happy endings, for resolutions. If you enjoy books that are written beautifully, relatable characters, dystopian worlds and alternate realities, but have ambiguous, aching endings, this book should be on your list.






